Python Logical Operators
Python Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements. Python has three logical operators:
and- Returns True if both statements are trueor- Returns True if one of the statements is truenot- Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true
The and Operator
The and keyword is a logical operator, and
is used to combine conditional statements. Both conditions must be true for the entire expression to be true.
Example
Test if a is greater than
b, AND if c
is greater than a:
a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b and c > a:
print("Both conditions are True")
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The or Operator
The or keyword is a logical operator, and
is used to combine conditional statements. At least one condition must be true for the entire expression to be true.
Example
Test if a is greater than
b, OR if a
is greater than c:
a = 200
b = 33
c = 500
if a > b or a > c:
print("At least one of the conditions is True")
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The not Operator
The not keyword is a logical operator, and
is used to reverse the result of the conditional statement.
Example
Test if a is NOT greater than
b:
a = 33
b = 200
if not a > b:
print("a is NOT greater than b")
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Combining Multiple Operators
You can combine multiple logical operators in a single expression. Python evaluates not first, then and, then or.
Example
Combining and, or, and not:
age = 25
is_student = False
has_discount_code = True
if (age < 18 or age > 65) and not is_student or has_discount_code:
print("Discount applies!")
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Truth Tables
Understanding how logical operators work with different values:
and Operator Truth Table
| Condition 1 | Condition 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|
| True | True | True |
| True | False | False |
| False | True | False |
| False | False | False |
or Operator Truth Table
| Condition 1 | Condition 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|
| True | True | True |
| True | False | True |
| False | True | True |
| False | False | False |
Using Parentheses for Clarity
When combining multiple logical operators, use parentheses to make your intentions clear and control the order of evaluation.
Example
Using parentheses for complex conditions:
temperature = 25
is_raining = False
is_weekend = True
if (temperature > 20 and not is_raining) or is_weekend:
print("Great day for outdoor activities!")
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More Examples
Example
User authentication check:
username = "Tobias"
password = "secret123"
is_verified = True
if username and password and is_verified:
print("Login successful")
else:
print("Login failed")
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Example
Range checking with logical operators:
score = 85
if score >= 0 and score <= 100:
print("Valid score")
else:
print("Invalid score")
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