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SQL Tutorial

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ADD ADD CONSTRAINT ALL ALTER ALTER COLUMN ALTER TABLE AND ANY AS ASC BACKUP DATABASE BETWEEN CASE CHECK COLUMN CONSTRAINT CREATE CREATE DATABASE CREATE INDEX CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW CREATE TABLE CREATE PROCEDURE CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CREATE VIEW DATABASE DEFAULT DELETE DESC DISTINCT DROP DROP COLUMN DROP CONSTRAINT DROP DATABASE DROP DEFAULT DROP INDEX DROP TABLE DROP VIEW EXEC EXISTS FOREIGN KEY FROM FULL OUTER JOIN GROUP BY HAVING IN INDEX INNER JOIN INSERT INTO INSERT INTO SELECT IS NULL IS NOT NULL JOIN LEFT JOIN LIKE LIMIT NOT NOT NULL OR ORDER BY OUTER JOIN PRIMARY KEY PROCEDURE RIGHT JOIN ROWNUM SELECT SELECT DISTINCT SELECT INTO SELECT TOP SET TABLE TOP TRUNCATE TABLE UNION UNION ALL UNIQUE UPDATE VALUES VIEW WHERE
MySQL Functions
String Functions: ASCII CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER_LENGTH CONCAT CONCAT_WS FIELD FIND_IN_SET FORMAT INSERT INSTR LCASE LEFT LENGTH LOCATE LOWER LPAD LTRIM MID POSITION REPEAT REPLACE REVERSE RIGHT RPAD RTRIM SPACE STRCMP SUBSTR SUBSTRING SUBSTRING_INDEX TRIM UCASE UPPER Numeric Functions: ABS ACOS ASIN ATAN ATAN2 AVG CEIL CEILING COS COT COUNT DEGREES DIV EXP FLOOR GREATEST LEAST LN LOG LOG10 LOG2 MAX MIN MOD PI POW POWER RADIANS RAND ROUND SIGN SIN SQRT SUM TAN TRUNCATE Date Functions: ADDDATE ADDTIME CURDATE CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURTIME DATE DATEDIFF DATE_ADD DATE_FORMAT DATE_SUB DAY DAYNAME DAYOFMONTH DAYOFWEEK DAYOFYEAR EXTRACT FROM_DAYS HOUR LAST_DAY LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP MAKEDATE MAKETIME MICROSECOND MINUTE MONTH MONTHNAME NOW PERIOD_ADD PERIOD_DIFF QUARTER SECOND SEC_TO_TIME STR_TO_DATE SUBDATE SUBTIME SYSDATE TIME TIME_FORMAT TIME_TO_SEC TIMEDIFF TIMESTAMP TO_DAYS WEEK WEEKDAY WEEKOFYEAR YEAR YEARWEEK Advanced Functions: BIN BINARY CASE CAST COALESCE CONNECTION_ID CONV CONVERT CURRENT_USER DATABASE IF IFNULL ISNULL LAST_INSERT_ID NULLIF SESSION_USER SYSTEM_USER USER VERSION
SQL Server Functions
String Functions: ASCII CHAR CHARINDEX CONCAT Concat with + CONCAT_WS DATALENGTH DIFFERENCE FORMAT LEFT LEN LOWER LTRIM NCHAR PATINDEX QUOTENAME REPLACE REPLICATE REVERSE RIGHT RTRIM SOUNDEX SPACE STR STUFF SUBSTRING TRANSLATE TRIM UNICODE UPPER Numeric Functions: ABS ACOS ASIN ATAN ATN2 AVG CEILING COUNT COS COT DEGREES EXP FLOOR LOG LOG10 MAX MIN PI POWER RADIANS RAND ROUND SIGN SIN SQRT SQUARE SUM TAN Date Functions: CURRENT_TIMESTAMP DATEADD DATEDIFF DATEFROMPARTS DATENAME DATEPART DAY GETDATE GETUTCDATE ISDATE MONTH SYSDATETIME YEAR Advanced Functions CAST COALESCE CONVERT CURRENT_USER IIF ISNULL ISNUMERIC NULLIF SESSION_USER SESSIONPROPERTY SYSTEM_USER USER_NAME
MS Access Functions
String Functions: Asc Chr Concat with & CurDir Format InStr InstrRev LCase Left Len LTrim Mid Replace Right RTrim Space Split Str StrComp StrConv StrReverse Trim UCase Numeric Functions: Abs Atn Avg Cos Count Exp Fix Format Int Max Min Randomize Rnd Round Sgn Sqr Sum Val Date Functions: Date DateAdd DateDiff DatePart DateSerial DateValue Day Format Hour Minute Month MonthName Now Second Time TimeSerial TimeValue Weekday WeekdayName Year Other Functions: CurrentUser Environ IsDate IsNull IsNumeric
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SQL Operators

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SQL Operators

SQL operators are keywords and symbols used to perform operations with data values.

SQL operators are used in SQL statements like SELECT, WHERE, LIKE, etc.

SQL operators is categorized into the following types:

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Comparison operators
  • Compound operators
  • Bitwise operators
  • Logical operators

SQL Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example
+ Addition Try it
- Subtraction Try it
* Multiplication Try it
/ Division Try it
% Modulus Try it

SQL Comparison Operators

Operator Description Example
= Equal to Try it
> Greater than Try it
< Less than Try it
>= Greater than or equal to Try it
<= Less than or equal to Try it
<> Not equal to Try it

SQL Compound Operators

Operator Description
+= Add equals
-= Subtract equals
*= Multiply equals
/= Divide equals
%= Modulo equals
&= Bitwise AND equals
^= Bitwise exclusive equals
|*= Bitwise OR equals

SQL Bitwise Operators

Operator Description
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
~ Bitwise NOT

SQL Logical Operators

Operator Description Example
ALL TRUE if all of the subquery values meet the condition Try it
AND TRUE if all the conditions separated by AND is TRUE Try it
ANY TRUE if any of the subquery values meet the condition Try it
BETWEEN TRUE if the operand is within the range of comparisons Try it
EXISTS TRUE if the subquery returns one or more records Try it
IN TRUE if the operand is equal to one of a list of expressions Try it
LIKE TRUE if the operand matches a pattern Try it
NOT Displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE Try it
OR TRUE if any of the conditions separated by OR is TRUE Try it
SOME TRUE if any of the subquery values meet the condition Try it

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